Posts Tagged ‘Drone’

22nd March 2026

Christopher Nosnibor

After an eon evolving their sound with comparatively little to show in terms of releases, Teleost have really picked up the pace of late: Three Originals was released in January 2025, followed by ATAVISM in December of last year, and here we are barely three months on faced with a new eponymous EP. Clearly, they concentrate their mental energy into the music rather than the naming of their EPs – and rightly so. The title is inconsequential: the music is what this is all about. moreover, what this, and what Teleost are all about, is exploring those dark tones and the ways in which frequencies resonate against one another, particularly at volume.

Live shows – particularly of late – have more than attested to the necessity for volume for Teleost, in the same was as is true for Earth, and Sunn O))). The simple fact is that some sounds, some frequencies, some resonant interplays, simply cannot occur at low volumes. Anyone who suggests that these bands – and Swans and A Place to Bury Strangers, among others – exploit volume gratuitously simply doesn’t understand the way in which vibrations change things. Teleost, however, very much do. And with their ultra-slow doom-drone, this is a band who really go into microcosmic detail when it comes to tonal shifts and reverberations within their great wall of sound.

This – their second EP, and sixth release in all – features three tracks. And once again, epic is the word. The four-and-three-quarter-minute sludgefest that is ‘Palanquin’ feels like a brief bridging piece between the megalithic ten-minute ‘Navigator’ and the eight-minute ‘Standing Stone’. And holy shit, is this heavy.

With Telost, the guitar has always been heavy, thick, grinding, the sound more akin to two guitars – or more – grinding out a speaker-shredding tsunami. But this… this takes it up several notches. It’s not just the guitar sound itself, of course: the production achieves the rare feat of capturing not just the rib-rattling, lung-shredding sound of a duo that take Melvins’ reattenuation of Black Sabbath to a skull-crushing level of pain.

With Teleost, there’s a clear sense of structure, of linear progression, too. ‘Navigator’ starts out gently, a textured hum, a buzzing drone, clean strings strummed but resonating. Low tom beats enter the mix and the build is slow, deliberate. Leo Hancil’s vocals reverberate – detached, a pagan-like incantation low in the mix. The suspense builds. Dissonance chimes, but still we traverse through deep fog and mud-thick tracks. And then at five minutes, it hits. And it hits so hard but so sweetly. The impact is immense. THAT is a riff, and how to land it. It completely knocks the air from your lungs, then proceeds to tear your limbs off, one by one, while shredding your skin with blunt but brutal claws.

How two people can create this organ-bustingly megalithic noise is unfathomable. But they do, time and again, growing ever more immense with each show, and with each recording. Yes, I say it every time, but every time, it’s true: Teleost have transcended to another echelon with this release: denser, heavier, louder, more punishing – and at the same time more immersive and transportative.

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6th March 2026

Christopher Nosnibor

My first encounter with The Sunken Land was at the York EMOM (that’s Electronic Music Open Mic) at the start of the month. There were looks and mumblings of surprise, confusion, and even consternation within my vicinity. These events attract makers of a broad spectrum of music, from those who dabble to the obsessives, from laptops to modular setups to self-made kit, and from pop to ambience to far more experimental stuff. Often, there’s much interest and conversation in the gear being used, particularly as a fair bit of the kit is rather novel. ‘What is that?’ began to be asked around as The Sunken Land’s set started. There was incredulity, amazement at the instrument being wielded on stage, something alien to these night. It was a guitar.

The man playing, it, one David Martin, was conjuring layered soundscapes, pleasant to the ear, but underpinned with a physical density. It was well executed, and powerful, and distinct.

worm moon sessions, released the following day, captures the sound of that live performance well.

While there’s apparently no scientific evidence, there is plenty of anecdotal indication that people feel different on and around full moon. Werewolf mythology is but one example of the way the power of the moon seems to affect us, and since this satellite planet drives the Earth’s tides, it’s hardly surprising we also feel that we sense its force. There’s also something compelling, mesmerising, hypnotic, about a large, bright moon, or a moon with an aura, or displaying an unusual hue. This year’s worm moon, on 3rd March, was particularly unusual, emerging a fiery red from a total lunar eclipse, and perhaps some of this rare power filtered into The Sunken Land’s recordings here. While worm moon sessions may not represent an immense leap from demos 2026, released in February, there’s most definitely evidence of a gradual honing of the ‘bedsit doomgaze’ form here.

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‘worm moon’ brings the heavy drone of Sunn O))) but with elements of melody rising out of the dense sonic swamp. These melodic details, in context, evoke the form of later Earth. It’s the kind of slow, deliberate guitar work that compels the listener to really hone in on the textures and tonality, the way the notes of a struck chord – thick with distortion and expanded with reverb – interact with one another.

The shorter ‘almost true’ is altogether lighter, more graceful, emphasising the ‘gaze’ aspect of the self-made genre tag. It’s still dense and underpinned with slow, droning distortion, but there’s a soft, almost ethereal hue around it, and the experience is ultimately uplifting, like the first signs of spring.

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Dret Skivor – 6th March 2026

Christopher Nosnibor

It’s Bandcamp Friday, and so Dret Skivor have dropped their now-obligatory sonic assault on the world. This, of course, is infinitely preferable to AI-generated footage of Donald Trump dropping silage on his own people from a plane as a ‘fuck you’ to anyone who would dare to protest against the vile cunt.

On the one hand, this release is, as usual, timely. On the other, things have bene moving at such a pace of late that the arrest of both former prince Andrew Windsor and Peter Mandelson for divulging sensitive information to global financial manipulator and notorious paedophile and people-trafficker Jeffrey Epstein feels like a lifetime ago – although ultimately, it all boils down to one thing: the fact we are, more or less, in the early stages of World War Three is because of the despicable, unspeakable and frankly inhumane activities of the super-rich who think they are – and live – above all law an all others, and the fact that the deranged megalomaniac who currently holds the position of the President of the United States of America will go to any lengths to prevent his involvement covered up. And by now, it should be clear that by ‘any’ lengths, we’re looking at crashing the entire global economy and all-out war. At any other time, this would be hyperbole, or a far-fetched conspiracy theory. But it’s actually happening right in front of our eyes.

The cover art speaks for itself, an image which will define this point in history, and the notes which accompany this release tell it like it is:

As certain world leaders, millionaires, “royals” and politicians feel the world closing in on them and the predictable bullshit and killing ensues, backed by shit-stirring billionaires, the Military Industrial Cuntplex and their simps on earth, Horse Funeral takes time to ponder and produce – here are the results and let’s hope we’re all still alive to enjoy this music next week.

There is a reason this release is named as it is and the planet will be better when all of these twats blast off for Mars. Fuck off there and never come back, you homicidal fuckers.

But sometimes, there are no words to fully articulate all of the levels of abysmal, anger and anguish-inducing shock and loathing these depraved wealth-harvesting ghouls provoke, at which point, primal screams and blistering walls of noise are the purest expression of the inarticulable. To this end, Release the Trumpstein Files comprises two pieces, each around twenty-two-and-a-half minutes in duration, and each of which is a furious, gut-churning harsh noise wall. ‘The Pronce Is A Nince’ has a moderate tonal span, but the balance of rumbling bass and a relentless howl of treble-shredding serve to counter one another, resulting in a sound that feels like it’s mid-range. And what a sound it is: tearing, roaring, relentless. Swashes of overdriven oscillators are blown back and forth on a nuclear wind.

‘I’m Mandy, Buy Me’ – an inspired pun based on 10cc’s hit ‘I’m Mandy, Fly Me’, begins with a crackling static which twists onto a blizzard of distortion, not dissimilar to the sound of an old dialup connection, only fucked up with distortion. And on it goes… and on, torturously, the buzzing drone occasionally swelling or surging, harsher buzzes breaking out above fuzz and crackle, the sound of a poor contact or a jack plug half connected amidst a perpetual fizz of extraneous noise. It’s hard on the ears and the brain, which of course it’s designed to be. Punishing, patience-testing noise at its best.

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27th February 2026

Christopher Nosnibor

Real strings always sing ‘organic’, as well as ‘mournful’, however they’re played, at least to my ear. There’s an ache these sounds inspire which feels in some sense almost biological in the way they resonate. And with violin – and acoustic guitar – being the primary instruments on this gentle instrumental album, there’s an inescapable air of melancholy and a tug of internal tension, even when they slide uptempo and wander lighter, and more mellow, settled territories.

After the fractured soundscape of ‘Agor Llygaid’, which consists initially of pings and sighs and what to some may sound like tuning up, before some loosely-structured pastoral folk emerges, the second piece, ‘Pwis’, switches toward a more electronic-sounding, Krautrock style, and while the pulsating grooves are vaguely Tangerine Dream, the picked strings are altogether folksier – not quite Steeleye Span, but there’s a real feel that Peiriant’s inspirations lie in the 1960s and 1970s, while at times also reaching much further back, to a point that’s difficult to pinpoint – it’s not medievalism, it’s not pre-Christian paganism – but it is something more ancient, more steeped in nature and some deeper, more primal core of human existence. Fumbling and digging for the words to articulate the experience, all I can say is that Plant does something beyond words: it has a depth which feels cellular.

The stuttering, fractured intro to ‘Wrth y Bwrdd’ brings some of the promised experimentalism, before delicate acoustic guitar and sweeping violin take centre stage. Meanwhile, ‘Hwiangerdd’ brings the feel of mournful, minor-key traditional folk crossed with a subtly droning atmospheric. It’s the drone which comes to the fore on ‘Tynnu’. ‘Velfed’ stands out, with its pulsating, almost Krautrock undercurrent bubbling beneath the sawing strings which lock into a tight back-and-forth repetition.

Quite how they achieve their sound, I can only begin to imagine: it doesn’t sound particularly processed, but then, oftentimes, it doesn’t sound like any regular acoustic instrumentation. What’s clear is that Rose & Dan Linn-Pearl are remarkable musicians who have a rare mastery of their instruments, which is matched – and perhaps even exceeded – by their vision and their capacity to innovate.

From the title to the performance itself, Plant is magnificently understated, but possesses a subtle power, not to mention range. It extends far beyond its basic premise of being ‘experimental folk’, and being an instrumental work, its representing Welsh-language acts is somewhat peripheral. Instead, what this does is speak in a way which transcends language – any language – and the result is… quite special.

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SUNN O))) share the new track ‘Butch’s Guns,’ another standout from the band’s forthcoming eponymous album. The new song is available today on all streaming services.

Also today, SUNN O))) is announcing new summer headlining shows in the EU and UK beginning Tuesday, June 23rd in Zurich, CH at Rote Fabrik and currently running through Monday, July 6th + Tuesday, July 7th in Berlin, DE for a two-night stand at Silent Green Betonhalle. The tour will include stops in Belgium (Antwerp), the Netherlands (Amsterdam), Germany (Köln), and the UK (Bristol, Brighton, Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, and London). Additional live dates to be announced soon.

Tickets for the majority of these June and July shows go on sale Friday, February 20th at 10 am CET. Please find a current list of dates below.

SUNN O))) recently added shows to the band’s upcoming 2026 North American headline tour in support of the album. The tour will now include stops in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Dallas, New York, Denver, Boise, Seattle, and Portland (OR). Tickets for the North American shows below are on sale now.

North America, March/April 2026

Mon. Mar. 30 – San Francisco, CA – Regency Ballroom
Tue. Mar. 31 – Los Angeles, CA – The United Theater on Broadway 
Wed. Apr. 01 – Phoenix, AZ – The Van Buren
Fri. Apr. 03 – Dallas, TX – Trees Lounge
Sat. Apr. 04 – Austin, TX – Emo’s
Sun. Apr. 05 – Houston, TX – White Oak Music Hall
Mon. Apr. 06 -  New Orleans, LA – Civic Theatre
Tue. Apr. 07  – Atlanta, GA – The Goat Farm
Thu. Apr. 09 -  Columbus, OH – The Bluestone
Fri. Apr. 10 – Washington, DC – The Lincoln Theatre
Sat.  Apr. 11 – Philadelphia, PA – Union Transfer
Sun. Apr. 12 – New York, NY – The Town Hall
Mon. Apr. 13 – Montreal, QC – Le National
Tue. Apr. 14 – Toronto, ON – 131 McCormack
Thu. Apr. 16 – Chicago, IL – Salt Shed
Sat. Apr. 18 -  Iowa City, IA – Englert Theatre
Sun. Apr. 19 – Omaha, NE – The Waiting Room
Mon. Apr. 20 – Denver, CO – Ogden Theatre
Wed. Apr. 22 – Boise, ID – Shrine Social Club
Fri. Apr. 24 – Seattle, WA – Showbox (So Do)
Sat. Apr. 25 – Portland, OR – Roseland

UK/EU, June/July 2026 – Just Announced

Tue. Jun. 23 – Zurich, CH – Rote Fabrik
Wed. Jun. 24 – Antwerp, BE – Trix
Thu. Jun. 25 – Amsterdam, NL – Paradiso
Fri. Jun. 26 – Koln, DE – Essigfabrik 
Sun. Jun. 28 – Bristol, UK – Prospect Building 
Mon. Jun.  29 – Brighton, UK – Corn Exchange 
Tue. Jun. 30 – Liverpool, UK – The Dome
Wed. Jul. 01 – Leeds, UK -  Project House
Thu. Jul. 02 – Birmingham, UK – 02 Institute
Fri. Jul. 03 – London, UK – Troxy
Mon. Jul. 06 – Berlin, DE – Silent Green Betonhalle
Tue. Jul. 07 – Berlin, DE – Silent Green Betonhalle

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Photo credit: Charles Peterson

XKatedral / La Becque Editions – 27th February 2027

Christopher Nosnibor

Not content with the completion of the first new Sunn O))) album since 2014, set for release in the spring on Sub Pop, co-founder Stephen O’Malley has been busy working on a new solo album, which will appear as a rather more low-key (if not necessarily low-frequency) release a couple of months before. Historically, one might have expected this release to have been put out through Ideologic Organ, but then again, when it comes to his solo and collaborative releases, O’Malley operates very much with within the milieu of the experimental artists and labels based in mainland Europe, as his collaboration with François J Bonnet, released in 2021 on Editions Mego evidences.

And while this is billed as an O’Malley solo album, this too is a collaborative work, featuring as it does ‘two long-form compositions for pipe organ by Stephen O’Malley, which he performs alongside the celebrated organist Kali Malone and Frederikke Hoffmeier (Puce Mary)’.

There is something grand and powerful about the pipe organ, the sound of which is capable of stirring something – if not primal, then deep-seated in the emotional psyche. Creating a vast, reverberating sound, it’s capable of triggering something beyond verbal articulation. And for this release, O’Malley found some remarkable organs, and around Christmas 2021 recorded some immense drones on Les Grandes Orgues (Scherrer (1777), Walker (1867), Kuhn (1995)) at Église Saint-François, Lausanne, Switzerland. It seems that this album emerged as a detour from another project, but why not make the most of a recording opportunity?

And so it is that Spheres Collapser consists of two longform pieces, each around twenty-five minutes in length, whereby little happens beyond textural and tonal shifts. It drags heavy, an does so without apology. Rightly do: why should there be any concession here?

There are sounds which are immediately identifiable as emanating from a pipe organ, and then again there are others, which are not always immediately apparent on Spheres Collapser: instead, there is simply the sound of low, swelling, drone. The organ-led nature of the recording only becomes apparent to the ear midway through ‘Phase I Organ’, when the trilling, tremulous tones come to the fore. Twenty minutes in, there are treblesome quiverings which begin to trouble the earsdrums as the sound narrows and becomes more niggling in its nature. But the exploratory nature of this album is what it’s all about, and O’Malley is truly a master when it comes to drawing different kinds of drone from instruments.

‘Phase II Organ’ presents twenty-two minutes of continuous drone, which commences low, resonant, with a comparatively pacey undulation, before a bassier note enters the mix. But still that low drone continues on… and on… and on… Some may pin this as Sunn O))) but on organ, and that summary wouldn’t be entirely wide of the mark. What else would you expect, really? And then the track simply drones out to the end.

What to say of this release? Drones are what they are: immersive, the sound of freedom, in a sense. The sound of escapism, of freedom, of breaking free of the constraints of the now. Spheres Collapser is heavy, dense, suffocating. You feel the air seep front your lungs as the notes merge in a thick, penetrating polyphony, ultimately tapering to a single sustain which feels like an eternity. Somehow, it’s strangely draining, but exhilarating at the same time.

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Shape Navigator is the electronic alter ego of composer, musician and sound artist Peter Coyte, who initially announced himself with a series of ambient meets prog house singles on Guerilla Records in the mid-‘90s, subsequently collaborating with Coldcut, Seal, David McAlmont, Heartless Crew and poet/author Salena Godden.

The years since have seen Coyte establish a first-rate reputation as an electronic and experimental music artist, including significant contributions to sound art and installation projects, plus ongoing collaborations with filmmakers, theatre directors, choreographers and more. His work blends sonic experimentation with emotional depth, creating immersive experiences that engage and intrigue audiences.

Now, three decades since his last single, Coyte has today released a brand new one. ‘Sternenabfall’ (German for ‘Star Litter’) is available on Bandcamp, and is a radio edit of a track included on his long-awaited debut album, Journal, which is scheduled for release on 27th February. A full digital release will follow imminently.
‘Sternenabfall’ is described by Coyte as “a kosmische drone journey built from modular synths and an ARP AXXE. It was written for International Drone Day 2025 and was inspired by Harry Sword’s book Monolithic Undertow.”

The track title frames the music as a reflection on beauty and aftermath: a cosmic soundscape that mirrors humanity’s habit of leaving debris in even the most vast and sacred spaces, blending deep-time drone history with an ecological warning.

A video for ‘Sternenabfall’ has been created by sound artist @diz_qo, who cryptically comments: “If the Tea Rooms of Mars could sell you your wildest dreams. If a two dimensional Generation Game was placed on the Voyager disc. If the Shape of Navigation was a cuddly toy. If the stars fell one by one.”

The single also includes the original 20 minute live performance at International Drone Day 2025 where Shape Navigator devised the eventual track.

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SHAPE NAVIGATOR | Peter Coyte photo by Martin Elliott

On Friday, April 3rd, 2026, sunn O))) will release their eponymously titled first full-length album for Sub Pop.

sunn O))) was co-produced & mixed by the band and Brad Wood (Hum, Tar, Sunny Day Real Estate, Liz Phair), and was recorded at Bear Creek Studios in Woodinville, Washington, January 2025. You can now listen to the album’s closing track, ‘Glory Black.’

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Framing the album visually are two paintings by the late American artist Mark Rothko – one on the front cover and one on the back cover, with the art reversed for UK & European pressings. And, within the CD and LP package are expansive liner notes by author Robert Macfarlane, whose 2025 novel Is a River Alive? is one of many sources of inspiration for the album. And, illustrations by French artist Elodie Lesourd are also featured on the inner LP sleeves and accompanying album merch.

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sunn O)) will tour in support of the album. Tickets for the below shows will go on sale to the general public on Friday, January 16th at 10am (local).

Wed. Apr. 01 – Phoenix, AZ – The Van Buren
Sat. Apr. 04 – Austin, TX – Emo’s
Sun. Apr. 05 – Houston, TX – White Oak Music Hall
Mon. Apr. 06 – New Orleans, LA – Civic Theatre
Tue. Apr. 07 – Atlanta, GA – The Goat Farm
Thu. Apr. 09 – Columbus, OH – The Bluestone
Sat. Apr. 11 – Philadelphia, PA – Union Transfer
Mon. Apr. 13 – Montreal, QC – Le National
Tue. Apr. 14 – Toronto, ON – 131 McCormack
Thu. Apr. 16 – Chicago, IL – Salt Shed
Sat. Apr. 18 – Iowa City, IA – Englert Theatre
Sun. Apr. 19 – Omaha, NE – The Waiting Room

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Mortality Tables – 5th January 2026

Christopher Nosnibor

Mortality Tables’ Impermanence Project has grown legs over the course of the last year, and has offered some remarkable, striking, and intensely personal responses to the theme. And as the title of this latest addition to the expanding body of work emerging under the project’s auspices alludes, Gareth Jones’ 53_StOlaves : Response is a response to a response, so to speak, adding layers of interpretation but also a certain kind of dialogue to the project.

The original St Olaves (St Olaves : Catharsis) was recorded label owner and project curator Mat Smith and released in June, and stands as one of the most intense and deeply personal pieces, a churning whorl of noise distilled from a field recording made by Smith at St. Olave’s, Hart Street, London. Amidst it, there are footsteps, voices, all vague and barely audible in the overwhelming wall of sound. The accompanying notes relate, ‘For a brief moment, you settled into silence. I said that I loved you again. It seemed to sink in who I was and why I was calling. It would be the last time that I truly connected with you, and I am convinced that despite the blur of the drugs and your Alzheimer’s that you understood.

‘The moment lasted barely a couple of seconds during our nine-minute call, but it felt like an eternity. You began saying that you were about to be taken away for tests, but you didn’t know what the tests were. Except they weren’t tests: you were being taken to theatre.

‘Two hours and five minutes after our call, at 1405, you passed away during surgery.’

It hits hard.

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And so we arrive at 53_StOlaves : Response, a field recording made by Jones while on holiday in Greece. He writes, ‘I was moved to create a response to St. Olave’s in the spirit of impermanence understood as, viewed through the lens of, transformation.’

53_StOlaves : Response is a similar duration – meaning it contains just over nine minutes of buzzing, jarring waves of background noise. It glitches frequently, the volume suddenly surging unexpectedly after an ebb, tapering to an elongated organ-like drone before altogether more optimistic-sounding ripples emerge. It has a wistfulness, a certain air of melancholy, but over time, this too dissipates, leaving gentle, dappled ambient hues with understated beats fluttering to the fade.

If St Olaves : Catharsis is the soundtrack to raw anguish and the howl of loss, the staggering bewilderment at the fragility and brevity of life, 53_StOlaves : Response feels like the emergence of acceptance over the passage of time. And this is where Response really comes to add to the theme of impermanence, and it feels like a subtle reassurance that while we likely never necessarily ‘recover’ from those deepest losses, that the wounds will forever remain psychological scars, the pain does ease, eventually, through, as Jones puts it, ‘transformation’. Nothing lasts forever. We transition. We transform. 

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Room40 – 19th December 2025

Christopher Nosnibor

2025 has been something of a year of noise for me – on the reviewing front, for sure, but perhaps more so on the creative front. Noise doesn’t have to be confrontational or antagonistic. Moreover, it can most certainly be a release. Richard Francis’ latest offering, Combinations 4, is a work which offers up some substantial noise, with a broad exploration of frequencies which are immersive rather than attacking. Churning, droning, unsettling, it spans the range of what noise can do without venturing into the domains of the harsh. Nevertheless, this makes for a pretty challenging work.

Francis’ summary of his working practice and of this album is worth digesting, for context, as he writes clearly and factually:

‘Since 2010 all of the recordings I make and release are improvised live takes, recorded down to a stereo digital recorder with very little editing other than EQ, trimmed beginnings and ends, and the occasional layering of two tracks together… I arrived here through spending many years prior trying to build an electrical system (which I now call the ‘fugue system’) that would do what I did in composition/studio work but in a live setting: combining together dozens of sounds with open feedback and generative channels, and discrete control for each. Then when I finished building that system using digital and analogue tools, I preferred what I heard and recorded ‘on the fly’ more than what I was doing in composition, so that system is now my instrument in a way.’ Precisely what this system is and how it works is unexplained, and we probably don’t need to know: process and tech can very easily become tedious and adds little, when ultimately, it’s about output.

As the title suggests, this is the fourth in his Combinations series, and here, Francis suggests ‘there’s a bit more structure and layering to the works, if that makes sense’. It makes more sense in context, I assume, because on its own, Combinations 4 is a tour though difficult terrain, and any structures are at best vague.

‘Four A’ is a deluge of dirty noise, curtains of white noise rain cascade, and ‘Leave it all alone for months’ is a queasy mess of drones and groans, a morass of undulating dissonance. This piece is quiet but uncomfortable, the sound of strain, whining, churning unsettling. ‘Parehuia’ booms frequencies which simply hurt. In places, it gets grainy and granular, and the experience is simply uncomfortable. I feel my skin crawl. From here, we plunge into ‘My Fuel! I Love It!’ It’s six-and-a-half head-shredding minutes of sonic discomfort, dominated by rising howls and rings.

Assuming ‘Phase effect on wet road’ is a purely descriptive title based on the source material, it’s three minutes of the sound of heavy rain heavily treated while undulating phase hovers and hums, creating an oppressive atmosphere which bleeds into the slow ebb and flow of ‘The alphabet is a sampler’. The effect of Combinations 4 is cumulative, and while the final four of the album’s ten compositions tend to be comparatively shorter, they’re dense and difficult to process. By the arrival of the quivering, quavering oscillations of closer ‘Four J’, which become increasingly disjointed and discombobulating as the piece progresses, you’re feeling a shade disorientated, and more than vaguely overwhelmed.

For an album which appears, on the surface, to be a fairly innocuous work of experimentalism, with Combinations 4, Richard Francis has created something which delivers substantial psychological impact by stealth.

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